Flying-machine.



$. B. EVERSEN 3: J. MGLARTY.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED mm: 17, 1912.

Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

2 SHEETSBHEET l.

S. B. EVERSEN 6: J. MGLARTY.

FLYING MACHINE APPLIGQTION FILED JUNE 17, 1912.

iatented Feb. 25, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

lnventqrs Ahtorneys BERN B. kl VERSEN AND JOHN MQLARTY, OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 25,1913.

Application filed Jane 17, 1912. Serial No. 704,176.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that we, Sean B. Evsnssx and Joan L'ICIJARTY, citizens of the United States, residing at Seattle, in the county of King, State of Washington, have invented a new and useful Flying-Machine, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to flying machines of the heavier than air type, one of its objects being to )rovide improved means whereby the machine can be caused to ascend vertically, there being additional means in the form of sustaining planes for elevatin the machine and maintaining it at a desired elevation while said machine is being propelled forwardly.

A further object is to provide a machine of this character having combined therewith a top plane so constructed as to otter no resistance to the ascent of the machine but which will operate as a parachute for retarding the downward movement thereof.

With the foregoing and other objects in view which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed, can be made within the scope of what is claimed, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings the preferred form of the invention has been shown.

In said drawings:Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine. Fig. 2 is an end elevation thereof. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of portions of one group of lifting planes and adjacent parts. Fi 4 is a vertical transverse section througi said group of lifting planes. Fig. 5 is an enlarged end elevation of a portion of the sustaining plane. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of two of the elevating planes. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a modified form of propeller which may be used in connection with the machine.

Referring to the figures by characters of reference 1 desi ates the frame of the machine, the same eing preferably formed of light tubes and the top of this frame is covered by a sustaining plane 2 made up of longitudinally extending flaps 3 hingedly connected to the top of the frame and adapted to lap and to hear one against the other while the machine is descending so as thus to coiiperate to form a continuous sustaining (plane designed to displace air downwar ly and thus retard the downward movement of the machine. As shown in the drawings these flaps are preferably disposed in two series extending in opposite directions from the center of the sustaining plane, the flaps of each series being connected by a flexible element 4, there being a spring 5 bearing against the outer flap of each series so as to constantly exert a pressure against said flap and, through the connection 4, upon the remaining flaps of the series. Obviously, therefore, the flaps normally remain closed but as the spring 5 is comparatively light, itv will be seen that they will swing open automatically during the ascent of the machine in order to permit air to pass downwardly between the flaps. Arcuate elevating planes 6 are mounted upon the end portions of front and rear transversely extending shafts 7 journalcd in the upper portion of the frame 1. The two shafts 7 are connected by a rod 8 pivotally attached to arms 9 upstanding from the shafts 7. These arms 9 and the rod 8 are preferably located between the central flaps 3 of the sustaining plane 2 while the elevating planes 6 are located beyond the sides of the sustaining plane. Any suitable means maybe employed for actuatingthe elevating planes. For example, a lever 10 may be located in the frame 1 at a point where it can 'be easily reached by the aviator and an arm 11 may be extended from the fulcrum of this lever and connected, by means of a rod 12, to an arm 13 extending radially from one of the shafts 7. As arm 11 is fixedly connected to lever 10 it will be seen that, by n'ianipulating said lever, planes (3 can be simultaneously swung about the longitudinal axes of the shafts 7 and their angle of incidence thus varied at will.

Mounted within the frame 1 adjacent each side thereof is a series of outer guides 13 and inner guides 14, all of said guides being parallel and perpendicular to the bottom of the frame 1. Mounted on the outer aides 13 is a longitudinally extending cross lead 15 adapted to reciprocate on the guides and connected, at two or more )oints, by pitmen 16, tocranks 17 carried y a longitudinally extending shaft 18. These cranks 17 extend in the same direction so loo that the cross head 15 will be maintained parallel with the bottom of the frame 1 during the reciprocation of said cross head. Shdably mounted on the guides 13 directly above the cross head 15 are blocks 19 and top stri s 20 are also slidably mounted on the guic cs 13 at points above the blocks 19. llingedly connected to thetop stri 520 are t'lownwardly diverging liftin p anes 21 each of which has openings 22 t ierein covering approximately two-thirds of the area of the plane. These openings are normally closed by means of spring pressed fla s or valves 23 hingedly connected to the ibwer faces of the planes as shown atv 24 and having springs 25 for holding them normally shut. Thus it. will be seen that when the )lanes 21 move upwardly in the manner icreinafter described, the valves or tlalps 23 will open and permit air to pass (ownwardly throu h the evenings 22 whereas, during the ownwarti movement of the planes .21. the flaps or valves 23 will be closed and air will be displaced downw a rd l v.

Upwardlv diverging connecting bars 26 are pivotally attached to the cross head 15 and to the lower faces of the planes 21 and connecting bars 27 are pivotally attached to the blocks 1!) and diverge downwardlv, the lower ends of said bars being pivotal y connected to the inner faces of the planes :21 close to the lower edges thereof. Rods .28 are fixedly connected to the blocks 19 and extend downwardly past the cross head 15, these rods being adjustably attached to the cross head in any suitable manner, as by means of set screws 20 or the like. Thus it will be seen that by unfastening rods 28 from the cross head 15, the blocks 19 can be shifted toward or from the cross head and the planes 21 can be shifted to any desired angle relative to each other and then secured by fastening the rod 28 against movementrelative to the cross head. After the planes 21 have thus been adjusted, the cross head 15 and the parts carried thercb can be reci rocated along the aides 18 y rotating tfie crank shaft 18. he outer guides 13 carry SMICOLl series of planes 21, the planes of t 1080 series being grouped together in airs, as heretofore described and said pairs ein superposed. One cross head 15 1s provided for the corresponding pairs of the several series but the blocks 19 of each series are connected together by'the rod 28 which extends upwardly through the several cross heads 15. Thus by adjusting the rod 28 within the lower cross head 15 all of the lanes of the series to which the said rod iielongs, can be simultaneously adjusted. Furthermore by reason of this rod connection between the various cross heads, the

planes of all of the series will be reciprocated together.

The inner guide rods 1- are provided with pairs of downwardly diverging planes 30 disposed back of the spaces between the adjacent series of lanes 21 and extending preferably into sait series. These planes 30 are connected together in the same 1:. :mer as are the planes 21 and the series of planes 30 are ada ted to be reciprocated along the guides 14 y means of pitmen 31 connected to certain of the cranks 17 on the shaft 18. Thus it will be seen that, during the rotation of the shaft 18, the planes 21 and 30 will be reciprocated along the guides 13 and 14 and will displace air downwardly, the frame 1 and the sustaining plane 2 being lifted durim the downward displacement of air by the planes 2t and 30 and the flaps 3 closing so as to momentarily sustain the machine while the planes 21 and 30 are moving upwardly during the first half of rotation of shaft 18. If preferred, however, the planes 30 can be caused to move downwardly while the planes 21 are moving upwardly and a continuous elevation of the machine will thus be obtained instead of the intermittent or step by step movement produced in the manner hereinbefore described.

It is to be understood, of course that inner and outer series of lifting planes 21 and 30 are to be located at both sides of the machine and that the two series at each side are to be operated by a single shaft extending between them, as shown at 18. These two shafts can be connected together by means of any suitable gearing and one or more motors may be utilized for driving them. One or more propellers 32 may be utilized for propelling the machine forward and, by manipulating the elevating planes (3, it will be seen that during the forward propulsion of the machine, the same can be caused to soar after the fashion of an ordinary machine of the monoplane or biplane type. In the drawings a rudder has been s own at 33 and this can be operated by anv suitable mechanism (not. shown).

it will be apparent that, should the lifting planes 21 and 30 fail for any reason and should the elevating planes 0 be insutlicient for sustaining the machine while. being propelled forward, the flaps 3 will close automatically and thus prevent the passage of air upwardly between them. As a result the plane 2 will thus operate as a parachute or sustaining plane and will retard the downward movement of the machine so that it will descend without injury to the occupants thereof.

Instead of utilizing a propeller such as shown at 32, a substantially conical propeller having a spiral blade 34 thereon may be used, as shown in Fi 7. Although the elevating lanes have been shown arranged in mat and rear pairs, they can, if desired, be located then: :m m

etween the pianes fljnsfingflm p19 five to each other,

means for effect 2 1g of all of th es, Si longitudim y of frame and between he two series of means for rotating the sha am;

connections between the shaft mm "vocifivo series planes for Gimmi- HES 5b re iDZTOQuHng said series in up respectively, a transverse arcfied ning plane .Xtending over F 2 and including flaps mhpivd &0 C i when x-eliswed of i phme HDSVOYSG n:

' 130M190 f the two a:

of two xvii 110s Bi J 13. EYEESEB,

, g r 4 of s; "h B 'RTON E. BENMH. i l ARTHUR FINLAYON, 

